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Related Concept Videos

Hormonal Regulation of the Menstrual Cycle01:22

Hormonal Regulation of the Menstrual Cycle

The ovarian cycle regulates endometrial changes throughout a single menstrual cycle via the coordinated action of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and gonadotrophins.
At puberty, GnRH begins a pulsatile release pattern, which triggers the anterior pituitary gland to secrete follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). The frequency and amplitude of GnRH pulses vary across the menstrual cycle, with faster pulses favoring LH release and slower pulses favoring FSH release.
The Menstrual Cycle01:19

The Menstrual Cycle

The menstrual cycle is a recurrent sequence of changes in the uterine endometrium, specifically its functional layer, the stratum functionalis. This cycle prepares the uterus for potential pregnancy. This cycle typically spans 21–35 days, averaging 28 days, and aligns with the ovarian cycle, regulated by fluctuating levels of ovarian hormones, primarily estrogen and progesterone.
The menstrual phase occurs from days 1 to 5 and involves the shedding of the stratum functionalis, as a uterine...
Menses Phase01:18

Menses Phase

The uterine cycle begins with the menstrual phase, which is considered day one of the cycle and typically lasts about five days. This phase is characterized by the degeneration and shedding of the stratum functionalis, the functional layer of the endometrium.
When fertilization does not occur, the corpus luteum deteriorates, causing a significant drop in the levels of estrogen and progesterone in the body. This hormonal decrease triggers the release of prostaglandins, which cause the uterine...
Disorders of the Female Reproductive System01:24

Disorders of the Female Reproductive System

The female reproductive system can be affected by several disorders, including Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS), Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD), endometriosis, and various forms of cancer. PMS and PMDD are cyclical conditions that cause physical and emotional distress, with symptoms that include edema, mood swings, and food cravings. PMDD is a more severe form of PMS characterized by increased symptom severity that peaks during the luteal phase and tends to improve or resolve shortly after...
Menopause01:28

Menopause

Menopause, a natural biological process marking the end of a woman's fertility, typically occurs between the fifth and sixth decade of life. This phase is characterized by the exhaustion of the ovarian follicle pool, leading to less responsive ovaries despite the high levels of Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) and Luteinizing Hormone (LH). The consequential decrease in estrogen production results in symptoms like hot flashes, heavy sweating, headaches, hair loss, muscle pains, vaginal...
Irritable Bowel Syndrome III: Medical and Nursing Management01:30

Irritable Bowel Syndrome III: Medical and Nursing Management

Managing Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) involves a multifaceted approach, including lifestyle modifications, dietary changes, and medication.

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Treatment of depression in women: a summary of the expert consensus guidelines.

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MRI-guided dmPFC-rTMS as a Treatment for Treatment-resistant Major Depressive Disorder
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Premenstrual syndrome. Identification and management

S K Severino1, M L Moline

  • 1Department of Psychiatry, New York Hospital-Cornell Medical Center, White Plains, USA.

Drugs
|January 1, 1995
PubMed
Summary

Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is a recognized illness with cyclic physical, mental, and behavioral symptoms. Diagnosis involves history, exams, lab tests, and daily symptom tracking for effective symptom management.

Area of Science:

  • Gynecology
  • Psychiatry
  • Women's Health

Background:

  • Premenstrual syndrome is a cyclical disorder impacting women's health.
  • It involves physical, mental, and behavioral symptoms during the late luteal phase.
  • The exact cause, course, and familial links remain unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To define premenstrual syndrome as a legitimate medical condition.
  • To outline diagnostic methods for accurate identification.
  • To establish treatment principles based on symptom management.

Main Methods:

  • Gathering a comprehensive patient history.
  • Conducting thorough physical and mental health examinations.
  • Utilizing laboratory tests to rule out other conditions.

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  • Employing daily prospective symptom ratings for pattern confirmation.

    • Main Results:

    • Premenstrual syndrome is characterized by cyclic symptom recurrence.
    • Diagnostic methods can reliably identify the syndrome.
    • Symptom patterns are confirmed through daily prospective ratings.
    • No known etiology necessitates a focus on symptom management.

    Conclusions:

    • Premenstrual syndrome is a distinct and treatable illness.
    • Accurate diagnosis is achievable through established methods.
    • Treatment focuses on managing specific symptoms based on individual patterns.