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A comparison of the effects of assist-control, SIMV, and SIMV with pressure support on ventilation, oxygen
D C Shelledy1, J L Rau, L Thomas-Goodfellow
1Department of Respiratory Care, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio 78284-7784, USA.
Objective:
To quantify the ventilatory efficiency of different modes of mechanical ventilation used to achieve full ventilatory support in normal subjects. Modes compared were assist-control, synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation (SIMV), and SIMV with 10 cm H2O (0.98 kPA) of pressure support.
Design:
Prospective, randomized blocks repeated measures design. Subjects served as their own controls.
Setting:
A university affiliated pulmonary laboratory.
Subjects:
Ten healthy volunteers, aged 31-54 years.
Outcome Measures:
Minute volume, respiratory rate, average tidal volume, oxygen consumption, and ventilatory equivalent.
Intervention:
Baseline spontaneous ventilation data collection was followed by mechanical ventilation by mouthpiece in each of three modes in a random sequence. All modes used a machine set rate of 12 breaths per minute, VT of 10 cc/kg of ideal body weight, inspiratory time of 1 second, square wave flow pattern and a sensitivity of -1 cm H2O (-0.09806 kPa) to achieve full ventilatory support. Data were collected continuously for 5 minutes and the mean values were reported. Ventilatory equivalent for oxygen is a measure of the efficiency of the ventilatory pump at various work loads and was calculated by dividing VE (BTPS) by the VO2 (STPD).
Results:
There were significant differences by mode of mechanical ventilation in average tidal volume (p = 0.02), minute volume (p = 0.02), oxygen consumption (p = 0.04), and ventilatory equivalent (p = 0.01) using ANOVA. There was no significant difference (p = 0.66) by mode of ventilation in respiratory rate. Pairwise follow-up comparisons for these variables found that SIMV with pressure support produced a significantly greater average tidal volume, minute volume, oxygen consumption, and ventilatory equivalent than SIMV alone. SIMV with pressure support also produced a significantly greater minute volume and ventilatory equivalent than assist-control. There were no significant differences between assist-control and SIMV. All three modes produced a lower ventilatory equivalent and higher oxygen consumption than spontaneous breathing.
Conclusions:
SIMV with pressure support significantly increased minute volume and ventilatory equivalent when compared with assist-control or SIMV alone, and thus was the most efficient mode of full ventilatory support for our subjects. We found no difference in ventilatory efficiency between assist-control and SIMV. All three mechanical modes were less efficient for our subjects than spontaneous breathing. The inspiratory time of 1 second used in this study, although common in clinical practice, may be inadequate for some patients.