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Paralytic shellfish poisoning in Alaska: a 20-year retrospective analysis
1Epidemic Intelligence Service, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA.
American Journal of Epidemiology
|April 15, 1995
Summary
Paralytic shellfish poisoning outbreaks cause severe illness, including fatalities. Researchers found no clear prevention strategies but suggest avoiding shellfish from uncertified sources; alcohol may reduce risk.
Area of Science:
- Public Health
- Epidemiology
- Toxicology
Background:
- Paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) is a significant global health concern.
- Outbreaks of PSP have been documented worldwide, necessitating a thorough understanding of its characteristics.
Purpose of the Study:
- To determine the epidemiologic characteristics of paralytic shellfish poisoning in Alaska.
- To identify risk factors associated with PSP illness through a case-control study.
Main Methods:
- Reviewed 54 PSP outbreaks and 117 cases in Alaska from 1973 to 1992.
- Conducted a case-control study defining cases as PSP-compatible illness within 12 hours of shellfish consumption and controls as non-ill meal participants.
Main Results:
- One death and severe outcomes (intubation, emergency flights) occurred among 117 ill persons.
- Outbreaks involved various shellfish, seasons, and locations, with no identified association between illness and toxin level, preparation, dose, race, sex, or age.
- Alcohol consumption was associated with a reduced risk of illness (odds ratio = 0.05; p = 0.03).
Conclusions:
- Despite significant morbidity, clear prevention strategies for PSP remain elusive.
- Consumption of shellfish from uncertified beaches should be avoided.
- Alcohol consumption may offer a protective effect against PSP adverse effects.