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Cold-induced responses in the upper respiratory tract
J J Latvala1, K E Reijula, P S Clifford
1Oulu Regional Institute of Occupational Health, Finland.
Arctic Medical Research
|January 1, 1995
Summary
Skiers exposed to cold, dry air show higher rates of bronchial asthma. Cold air inhalation cools the nasal and bronchial mucosa, impacting respiratory health.
Area of Science:
- Respiratory Medicine
- Environmental Health
Background:
- Skiers exhibit a higher prevalence of bronchial asthma compared to non-skiers.
- The upper airway's role in warming and humidifying inhaled air is crucial.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review studies on the effects of cold air inhalation on the upper respiratory tract.
- To understand the physiological responses during exercise in cold, dry air.
Main Methods:
- Review of existing scientific literature on cold air exposure and respiratory effects.
- Analysis of physiological mechanisms of air conditioning in the respiratory system.
Main Results:
- Inhaled air is warmed and humidified throughout the bronchial tree during exercise in cold conditions.
- Nasal and bronchial mucosa are cooled by inspired air and remain cool during the respiratory cycle.
- Air reaching the bronchoalveolar space is fully saturated and at body temperature.
Conclusions:
- Cold air exposure during skiing impacts upper airway physiology.
- Understanding these effects is important for managing respiratory conditions like asthma in athletes.