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Correlation between cytotoxicity and the elements released by dental casting alloys

J C Wataha1, C T Malcolm, C T Hanks

  • 1Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48109-1078, USA.

The International Journal of Prosthodontics
|January 1, 1995
PubMed
Summary

Dental casting alloys containing silver and copper release cytotoxic elements over time. These released elements, primarily silver and copper, contribute to cellular damage, impacting mitochondrial function in dental applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Dental Materials
  • Toxicology

Background:

  • Dental casting alloys are used extensively in restorative dentistry.
  • Understanding the biocompatibility of these alloys is crucial for patient safety.
  • Previous studies have indicated potential cytotoxicity of certain dental alloys.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify specific elements responsible for the cytotoxicity of high-noble, noble, and silver-based dental casting alloys.
  • To correlate the release of metallic elements with observed cytotoxic effects.
  • To investigate the role of silver and copper in alloy-induced cytotoxicity.

Main Methods:

  • Element release from dental casting alloys was quantified using atomic absorption spectroscopy.
  • Cytotoxicity was assessed by measuring cellular mitochondrial function.

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  • High-noble, noble, and silver-based alloys were subjected to comparative analysis.

    • Main Results:

    • High-noble alloys released minimal elements, with no significant increase over 6 hours.
    • Silver-based and noble alloys released higher levels of elements, increasing over time.
    • Cytotoxicity was primarily linked to the release of silver and copper ions.
    • Potential synergistic effects between silver and copper on cytotoxicity were observed.

    Conclusions:

    • The release of silver and copper from dental casting alloys is a primary driver of their cytotoxicity.
    • Silver-based and noble alloys pose a greater risk due to sustained element release compared to high-noble alloys.
    • Further research into silver-copper interactions is warranted to fully understand their cytotoxic potential in dental materials.