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Ototoxicity in developing mammals

C M Henley1, L P Rybak

  • 1Department of Otorhinolaryngology/Communicative Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.

Brain Research. Brain Research Reviews
|January 1, 1995
PubMed
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Developing mammals exhibit heightened sensitivity to ototoxicity from noise and chemicals. Their developing cochlea is particularly vulnerable during maturation, impacting auditory function.

Area of Science:

  • Developmental biology
  • Ototoxicology
  • Auditory neuroscience

Background:

  • Developing mammals show increased susceptibility to ototoxicity compared to adults.
  • Maximum sensitivity coincides with cochlear anatomical and functional maturation.
  • Physiological and biochemical pathways mature during development, presenting potential ototoxicity targets.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the developmental sensitivity of the mammalian cochlea to ototoxic insults.
  • To characterize the maturation of auditory potentials during development.
  • To identify vulnerable biochemical pathways affected by ototoxic agents.

Main Methods:

  • Review of physiological and anatomical studies on cochlear development in various species (rats, mice, kittens, gerbils, guinea pigs).

Related Experiment Videos

  • Analysis of auditory evoked potentials (e.g., auditory brainstem responses, otoacoustic emissions) in developing mammals.
  • Examination of biochemical pathway maturation and its vulnerability to ototoxic exposures.

    • Main Results:

    • Auditory potentials (endocochlear potential, cochlear microphonics, etc.) mature progressively during development.
    • Acoustic trauma and ototoxic agents (aminoglycosides, diuretics, etc.) significantly impair these developing auditory responses.
    • Maturing biochemical pathways are identified as potential targets for noise, chemical, and drug-induced ototoxicity.

    Conclusions:

    • The developing cochlea is highly vulnerable to ototoxic agents during critical maturation periods.
    • Understanding developmental ototoxicity is crucial for protecting hearing in young mammals.
    • Targeting specific biochemical pathways may offer strategies to mitigate ototoxicity during development.