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When disaster strikes, acute stress disorder may follow
C Koopman1, C Classen, E Cardeña
1Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, California.
Journal of Traumatic Stress
|January 1, 1995
Summary
Acute Stress Disorder involves dissociative and anxiety symptoms following trauma, acting as a short-term adaptation. Early identification is crucial to prevent the development of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD).
Area of Science:
- Psychology
- Psychiatry
- Trauma Studies
Background:
- Traumatic events can trigger a distinct set of dissociative and anxiety symptoms.
- These reactions, known as Acute Stress Disorder (ASD), are often a temporary psychological adaptation to overwhelming stress.
- Recognizing ASD is vital for timely intervention and to prevent progression to more chronic conditions.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the empirical literature on psychological reactions to trauma.
- To highlight the significance of identifying Acute Stress Disorder (ASD) for appropriate intervention.
- To differentiate ASD from Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD).
Main Methods:
- Review of empirical literature on psychological reactions to trauma.
- Analysis of symptom patterns associated with traumatic events.
- Examination of diagnostic criteria across different editions of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM).
Main Results:
- Acute Stress Disorder (ASD) is characterized by dissociative and anxiety symptoms following trauma.
- ASD symptoms often serve as a short-term coping mechanism, allowing minimal functioning.
- Persistent ASD symptoms beyond one month may indicate the onset of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD).
Conclusions:
- Acute Stress Disorder (ASD) is a recognized diagnosis in the DSM-IV, distinct from PTSD.
- Early identification and intervention for ASD are essential to improve patient outcomes.
- Understanding the adaptive nature and potential persistence of ASD symptoms is key in trauma care.