Sympathetic nervous activity and cardiovascular variability after a 3-day tail suspension in rats

The effects of a 3-day tail suspension on central and peripheral sympathetic activity were studied in rats by determining the in vivo noradrenaline (NA) turnover in the brain cell groups involved in central blood pressure control (A1, A2, A5 and A6) and in two peripheral organs, heart and kidneys. In addition, cardiovascular parameters and their variabilities were investigated by recording blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) before and after suspension. These measurements were processed by spectrum analysis to assess the influence of tail suspension on autonomic balance. The NA turnover in the suspended rats was markedly reduced in A2 (-49%, P < 0.01) and A5 (-38%, P < 0.01) nuclei but unchanged in A1 and A6 cell groups compared with the control rats. Peripheral NA turnover was decreased in cardiac atria (-44%, P < 0.001) and ventricles (-27%, P < 0.01) while it was unchanged in kidneys after suspension. The BP, HR and their variabilities were similar in both groups of animals and showed no changes after suspension compared with baseline values. Spectrum analysis of BP and HR in our conscious suspended rats revealed no changes in power spectrum density or in peak frequencies. The discrepancy between the decrease in central sympathetic activity and the absence of changes in cardiovascular parameters after tail suspension raises the question of the validity of the tail suspended rat model when studying the cardiovascular deconditioning observed in humans after an exposure to actual or simulated weightlessness.