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Symptomatic mumps virus reinfections

J P Gut1, C Lablache, S Behr

  • 1Institut de Virologie de la Faculté de Médecine, Université Louis Pasteur, Strasbourg, France.

Journal of Medical Virology
|January 1, 1995
PubMed
Summary
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Recurrent mumps attacks may occur, challenging the belief in lifelong immunity after natural infection. Patients with mumps-like symptoms and a booster immune response showed distinct serological profiles compared to primary infections.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Virology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Natural mumps virus infection is generally thought to confer lifelong immunity.
  • However, some individuals present with mumps-evoking lesions and serological evidence of a secondary immune response without IgM, suggesting possible recurrent infections.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the existence of recurrent mumps attacks.
  • To compare the clinical and immunological characteristics of patients with suspected recurrent mumps to those with primary mumps, parainfluenza infection, or no infection but immunity.

Main Methods:

  • Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was employed to analyze specific IgM, IgA, IgG, IgG subclasses, and IgG avidity.
  • Patients were categorized into four groups: suspected recurrent mumps (group 1), primary mumps (group 2), parainfluenza virus infection (group 3), and noninfected mumps-immune subjects (group 4).

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  • Comparative analysis of age, symptomatology, and humoral immune responses was performed.

    • Main Results:

    • Group 1 patients were older, exhibited less severe and typical symptoms, and had higher IgG avidity against the whole virus compared to group 2.
    • Group 1 showed a lower prevalence and titer of IgA, and significant differences in IgG subclasses (IgG1, IgG2, IgG3) compared to group 2.
    • Specific differences in IgG3 prevalence and absorbance against nucleocapsid were observed, distinguishing group 1 from groups 3 and 4.

    Conclusions:

    • The findings support the existence of recurrent mumps attacks, distinct from primary infections.
    • Serological profiles, including IgG avidity and specific antibody responses, can differentiate recurrent mumps from primary infection and other viral infections.
    • Further research is warranted to fully understand the mechanisms and clinical implications of recurrent mumps.