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Genetic difference in HLA-DR phenotypes between coeliac disease and transitory gluten intolerance
1Department of Gastroenterology, University Children's Hospital, Berne, Switzerland.
Archives of Disease in Childhood
|January 1, 1995
Summary
Genetic factors influence gluten intolerance. Specific Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) phenotypes, like DR3/X and DR5/7, are more common in children with coeliac disease, potentially indicating long-term gluten sensitivity.
Area of Science:
- Immunogenetics
- Gastroenterology
Background:
- Coeliac disease involves an immune response to gluten, but the reasons for varying patient reactions are unclear.
- Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) phenotypes are known to be associated with autoimmune diseases.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the association between specific HLA phenotypes and the development of coeliac disease.
- To explore if HLA profiles can predict the persistence of gluten intolerance.
Main Methods:
- HLA typing was performed on 45 children with coeliac disease, 16 with transitory gluten intolerance, and 76 controls.
- Phenotypic frequencies of HLA alleles were compared between the groups.
Main Results:
- Children with coeliac disease showed significantly higher frequencies of HLA-DR3/X (48.8%) and HLA-DR5/7 (26.7%) compared to controls (11.8% and 5.3%, respectively).
- Children with transitory gluten intolerance had a lower frequency of HLA-DR3/X (43.8%) and no HLA-DR5/7 phenotypes.
Conclusions:
- Specific HLA phenotypes, particularly DR3/X and DR5/7, are strongly associated with coeliac disease.
- These genetic markers may help differentiate between permanent coeliac disease and temporary gluten intolerance, warranting further investigation.
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