Short-term consequences of orthognathic surgery on stomatognathic function

Area of Science:

• Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
• Orthodontics
• Temporomandibular Disorders

Background:

• Surgical-orthodontic treatment is used to correct dentofacial deformities.
• Understanding the effects on craniomandibular dysfunction, range of motion, and occlusal contacts is crucial for patient outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

• To evaluate craniomandibular dysfunction, mandibular range of motion, and occlusal contacts after various surgical-orthodontic procedures.
• To compare outcomes between different osteotomy types: Le Fort I (impaction/advancement), vertical ramus setback, sagittal split advancement, and combined procedures.

Main Methods:

• A cohort of 20-34 adult patients undergoing specific osteotomies were assessed.
• Measurements were taken 1 week pre-operatively and 6 months post-operatively.
• Evaluated parameters included craniomandibular dysfunction, maximal interincisal opening, laterotrusive movements, and occlusal contact characteristics.

Main Results:

• Maxillary and double-jaw osteotomy groups showed a decrease in craniomandibular dysfunction.
• Mandibular advancement osteotomy group showed an increase in dysfunction.
• Maximal interincisal opening significantly decreased in both mandibular osteotomy groups.
• Laterotrusive movements decreased in the mandibular advancement group.
• Occlusal contacts significantly increased in maxillary and mandibular setback osteotomy groups.

Conclusions:

• Different surgical-orthodontic procedures have varied effects on craniomandibular function.
• Maxillary and double-jaw surgeries may improve dysfunction, while mandibular surgeries can restrict motion.
• Occlusal contact changes indicate altered bite forces and stability post-surgery.