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Essential syphilitic alopecia revisited

D W Cuozzo1, P M Benson, L C Sperling

  • 1Dermatology Service, Walter Reed Army Medical Center, Washington, D.C., USA.

Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology
|May 1, 1995
PubMed
Summary

Syphilis is increasing, and sometimes hair loss is the only symptom. This study details two cases of essential syphilitic alopecia, highlighting this uncommon presentation of syphilis.

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Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Syphilis, a sexually transmitted infection caused by *Treponema pallidum*, has seen a notable resurgence globally in the last decade.
  • While various mucocutaneous manifestations are common, certain presentations can be subtle or atypical.

Observation:

  • This report focuses on two cases where diffuse hair loss, known as essential alopecia, was the sole presenting sign of secondary syphilis.
  • The patients presented with alopecia as the primary indicator of infection, preceding other characteristic symptoms.

Findings:

  • The clinical and histopathologic features of essential syphilitic alopecia were examined in detail.
  • Histopathology revealed characteristic inflammatory changes consistent with syphilis, despite the absence of other overt signs.

Implications:

  • Essential syphilitic alopecia represents an uncommon but significant early manifestation of syphilis.
  • Recognizing alopecia as a potential primary symptom is crucial for timely diagnosis and treatment of syphilis, preventing further complications.

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