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Recombination in AIDS viruses

D L Robertson1, B H Hahn, P M Sharp

  • 1Department of Genetics, University of Nottingham, Queens Medical Centre, United Kingdom.

Journal of Molecular Evolution
|March 1, 1995
PubMed
Summary
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Genetic recombination in human immunodeficiency viruses (HIV) can occur between divergent strains, not just closely related ones. This study found evidence of hybrid HIV-1 and HIV-2 genomes, suggesting coinfection with diverse strains is possible.

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Genetics
  • Evolutionary Biology

Background:

  • Recombination is a key driver of genetic diversity in human immunodeficiency viruses (HIV).
  • Previously, recombination was thought to occur only between closely related HIV strains within the same cell.
  • Simultaneous coinfection with multiple divergent HIV strains was considered unlikely in infected individuals.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the occurrence of recombination between divergent strains of HIV-1 and HIV-2.
  • To identify and characterize hybrid viral genomes resulting from such recombination events.
  • To assess the implications of recombination between divergent strains for viral evolution and properties.

Main Methods:

  • Phylogenetic analyses were employed to examine evolutionary relationships among multiple HIV strains.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Evolutionary trees were constructed using different genomic regions to detect discordant branching patterns.
  • Crossover points of putative recombination events were mapped by analyzing phylogenetically informative sites.

    • Main Results:

    • Examples of HIV-1 and HIV-2 genomes exhibiting characteristics of hybrids between genetically divergent viruses were identified.
    • Phylogenetic analyses revealed significantly discordant branching orders in some HIV strains, indicating genetic exchange.
    • A similar recombinant simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) was identified in green monkeys, supporting the occurrence of such events in primates.

    Conclusions:

    • Coinfection with highly divergent viral strains can occur in both HIV-infected humans and SIV-infected primates.
    • Recombination between divergent strains can lead to the generation of hybrid genomes with potentially altered biological properties.
    • Future characterization of primate lentiviruses should incorporate phylogenetic investigations for genomic mosaicism.