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Updated: Jul 31, 2026

Grafting of Beads into Developing Chicken Embryo Limbs to Identify Signal Transduction Pathways Affecting Gene Expression
Published on: January 17, 2016
Molecular mechanisms of tissue determination and pattern formation in amphibian embryos
H Tiedemann1, H Tiedemann, H Grunz
1Institut für Molekularbiologie und Biochemie, Freien Universität, Berlin.
Abstract:
Factors of the TGF-beta superfamily (activin, vegetalizing factor) and the FGF family determine endoderm and mesoderm. The dorsoventral polarity of the mesoderm depends on additional factors (BMP-4, Wnt-8, noggin). Activin can directly activate gene transcription by signal transduction. Mesoderm is determined by factors prelocalized in the marginal zone. Its differentiation depends also on the animal ectoderm. Neural inducing factors have been partially purified. A masked neuralizing factor in the ectoderm is activated by induction of the ectoderm to the nervous system. Phorbolester can evoke neuralization signaling.
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