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Buffered lidocaine: analgesia for intravenous line placement in children
E J Klein1, R P Shugerman, K Leigh-Taylor
1Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, USA.
Insights
Intradermal buffered lidocaine significantly reduced pain during intravenous line placement in children aged 8–15. This effective analgesia method is recommended for routine use, though larger studies are needed to confirm i.v. success rates.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Emergency Medicine
- Pain Management
- Anesthesiology
Background:
- Intravenous (i.v.) line placement is a common and often painful procedure in pediatric emergency departments.
- Effective analgesia is crucial for improving patient comfort and cooperation during i.v. cannulation in children.
- Intradermal buffered lidocaine offers a potential solution for procedural pain management.
Purpose of the Study:
- To assess the efficacy of intradermal buffered lidocaine in reducing pain associated with i.v. line insertion in children.
- To compare pain levels, i.v. success rates, and procedure times between children receiving lidocaine and those receiving no analgesia.
Main Methods:
- A randomized clinical trial was conducted in a pediatric emergency department.
- Participants (children aged 8–15 requiring i.v. lines) were randomized to receive either intradermal buffered lidocaine or no analgesia.
- Pain was measured using a visual analog scale (VAS) for baseline, initial i.v. attempt, and procedure success.
Main Results:
- The median pain score for the initial i.v. attempt was significantly lower in the buffered lidocaine group (2.3) compared to the no-analgesia group (4.4).
- No significant difference was observed in the number of attempts for successful i.v. line placement between the groups (33% vs. 28%).
- The median time to i.v. line placement was longer in the lidocaine group (10 minutes) than in the no-analgesia group (6 minutes).
Conclusions:
- Intradermal buffered lidocaine effectively diminishes pain during i.v. line placement in children aged 8–15.
- While i.v. success rates did not differ significantly in this study, larger trials are needed to confirm this.
- Routine use of intradermal buffered lidocaine is recommended for analgesia before i.v. line placement in non-emergent situations for older children.
Objectives:
To evaluate the effectiveness of intradermal buffered lidocaine as analgesia before intravenous line (i.v.) placement in children.
Methods:
This was a randomized clinical trial undertaken in the emergency department (ED) of a regional children's hospital. Participants were children 8 to 15 years old, seen in the ED and in need of i.v. lines. They were enrolled by three ED nurses. Participants were randomized to receive either intradermal buffered lidocaine or no analgesia. Before placement of the i.v. line, patients recorded the amount of pain they were in (baseline pain) on a visual analog pain scale. The primary outcome measure was amount of pain caused by the initial i.v. attempt, even if that attempt was unsuccessful. This was recorded by the participant on a visual analog scale. Demographic characteristics, the number of attempts to successful placement, and the time required to place the i.v. line were also recorded. Differences in pain of initial i.v. attempt and time to place the i.v. line were evaluated with the Mann-Whitney U test. Differences in success of i.v. line placement were evaluated with the chi 2 test.
Results:
Fifty-nine patients completed the study. Thirty received buffered lidocaine, and 29 received no analgesia before i.v. line placement. There was no significant difference between the two groups with regard to baseline pain or demographic characteristics. The median level of pain of the initial i.v. attempt as measured by the visual analog scale was 2.3 in the buffered-lidocaine group and 4.4 in the no-lidocaine group. Thirty-three percent of patients in the lidocaine group and 28% percent in the no-lidocaine group required more than one i.v. attempt. The median time to i.v. line placement was 10 minutes in the lidocaine group and 6 minutes in the no-lidocaine group.
Conclusions:
Use of intradermal buffered lidocaine is an effective way to diminish the pain of i.v. line placement in children 8 to 15 years of age. There was no difference in i.v. success rate in this study; however, larger numbers of patients would be required to detect statistically significant differences. We recommend the routine use of intradermal buffered lidocaine for analgesia before i.v. line placement in older children in all but emergent situations.