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TiN: a suitable coating for defibrillator electrodes?

B Stroetmann, G Siemsen, B Straehler

    Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology : PACE
    |January 1, 1995
    PubMed
    Summary

    Porous titanium nitride (TiN) coatings enhance defibrillator electrode performance, particularly for titanium patches during anodic shocks. However, TiN coatings may oxidize after extensive use, impacting electrode longevity.

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    Area of Science:

    • Biomaterials Engineering
    • Electrochemistry
    • Medical Device Technology

    Background:

    • Defibrillator electrodes require robust materials to withstand high-energy electrical pulses.
    • Titanium nitride (TiN) coatings offer potential for improved electrode performance and biocompatibility.
    • Understanding the electrochemical behavior of TiN coatings is crucial for defibrillator safety and efficacy.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the electrochemical behavior of porous TiN coatings on defibrillator electrodes.
    • To compare the performance of TiN-coated electrodes with conventional titanium (Ti) and platinum/iridium (Pt/Ir) electrodes.
    • To assess the durability and limitations of TiN coatings under defibrillator shock conditions.

    Main Methods:

    • In vitro electrochemical studies were conducted on commercially available Ti patches and Pt/Ir intracardial electrodes.
    • Porous TiN coatings were applied using reactive sputtering.
    • Electrode potential measurements were performed during monophasic anodic and cathodic defibrillator shocks (1–49 J).

    Main Results:

    • Porous TiN coatings are suitable for cathodal pulses on Pt/Ir coils, while plain coils are better for anodic shocks.
    • TiN coatings benefit conventional Ti patches, protecting them from oxidation during anodic shocks.
    • TiN coatings oxidized to oxynitride after approximately 70 anodic shocks at 49 J, or 180 shocks at 10 J.

    Conclusions:

    • Porous TiN coatings show promise for specific defibrillator electrode applications, especially cathodal pulses and Ti patches.
    • The protective effect of TiN against oxidation is significant but has limitations under high-energy anodic shocks.
    • Further research is needed to optimize TiN coating durability for long-term defibrillator use.

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