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Digestion and absorption in the young chick

Y Noy1, D Sklan

  • 1Faculty of Agriculture, Hebrew University, Rehovot, Israel.

Poultry Science
|February 1, 1995
PubMed
Summary
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Young broiler chicks show rapid digestive development, with increased enzyme secretion and faster intestinal transit after 10 days. Starch and lipid digestion are efficient, suggesting they don

Area of Science:

  • Animal Science
  • Avian Physiology
  • Nutritional Biochemistry

Background:

  • Early growth in broiler chicks is influenced by the development of digestive functions.
  • Understanding the maturation of enzyme secretion and nutrient absorption is crucial for optimizing feed efficiency.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the ontogeny of digestion, enzyme secretion, and intestinal transit time in broiler chicks.
  • To determine the impact of age on nutrient digestibility and absorption in the small intestine.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized 141Ce as a non-absorbed reference substance to measure intestinal rate of passage.
  • Quantified net duodenal enzyme secretion (amylase, trypsin, lipase) and nutrient digestibility (nitrogen, fatty acids, starch) from hatch to 21 days.
  • Assessed changes in enzyme activity and ileal absorption contribution with increasing age.

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Main Results:

  • Significant increases in body weight and feed intake were observed post-10 days, coinciding with a 33% decrease in intestinal transit time.
  • Duodenal enzyme secretion (amylase, trypsin, lipase) increased substantially (100-, 50-, 20-fold) by 21 days, with activity decreasing distally.
  • Nitrogen digestibility improved from 78% to 92%, while fatty acid and starch digestibility remained high (82-89%) between 4 and 21 days.

Conclusions:

  • Broiler chick digestive systems mature rapidly within the first three weeks post-hatch.
  • The digestive capacity for starch and lipids appears well-developed and not limiting for early chick growth.
  • Age-related changes in enzyme secretion and intestinal transit are key to efficient nutrient utilization in young broilers.