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Updated: Aug 8, 2026
10:15
Intracerebroventricular Viral Injection of the Neonatal Mouse Brain for Persistent and Widespread Neuronal Transduction
Published on: September 15, 2014
Neuroborreliosis
1Department of Neurology, North Shore University Hospital, Manhasset, New York 11030, USA.
The American Journal of Medicine
|April 24, 1995
Summary
Lyme disease frequently affects the nervous system, impacting peripheral nerves and the central nervous system (CNS). Diagnosis and optimal treatment for neuroborreliosis remain challenging, requiring further research.
Area of Science:
- Neurology
- Infectious Diseases
- Microbiology
Background:
- Lyme disease, caused by Borrelia burgdorferi, commonly involves the nervous system.
- Pathophysiology of neuroborreliosis, including early central nervous system (CNS) seeding, is not fully understood.
- Current staging of Lyme neuroborreliosis lacks pathophysiologic validity.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of nervous system involvement in Lyme disease.
- To discuss the challenges in diagnosing central nervous system (CNS) infections.
- To evaluate diagnostic methods and treatment regimens for neuroborreliosis.
Main Methods:
- Review of existing literature on Lyme disease and neuroborreliosis.
- Analysis of diagnostic techniques, including antibody detection and polymerase chain reaction (PCR).
- Evaluation of reported treatment outcomes for Lyme neuroborreliosis.
Main Results:
- Lyme disease affects peripheral nerves, meninges, and CNS parenchyma, with unclear pathophysiology.
- Early CNS seeding occurs, with lymphocytic meningitis and facial paralysis often presenting early.
- Encephalopathy is more common than encephalomyelitis; diagnosis relies on intrathecal antibody production and PCR.
- Ceftriaxone or cefotaxime are common treatments; penicillin and doxycycline show promise for meningitis.
Conclusions:
- Neuroborreliosis diagnosis is challenging, necessitating improved methods.
- Intrathecal antibody production is key evidence, requiring correction for blood-brain barrier transfer.
- Optimal treatment regimens require further definition and confirmation.
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