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Related Experiment Videos

Blindness associated with preeclampsia and eclampsia

F G Cunningham1, C O Fernandez, C Hernandez

  • 1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas 75235-9032, USA.

American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology
|April 1, 1995
PubMed
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Severe preeclampsia and eclampsia can cause temporary blindness in pregnant women. This blindness, linked to occipital lobe changes, typically resolves with standard treatment and delivery.

Area of Science:

  • Obstetrics and Gynecology
  • Neurology
  • Ophthalmology

Background:

  • Severe preeclampsia and eclampsia are serious hypertensive disorders of pregnancy.
  • These conditions can lead to significant maternal morbidity, including neurological complications.
  • Cortical blindness is a rare but serious complication affecting vision during pregnancy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe the clinical course, management, and outcomes of 15 women experiencing blindness due to severe preeclampsia or eclampsia.
  • To provide insights into the pathophysiologic mechanisms of blindness associated with pregnancy-induced hypertension.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective study of women with blindness and pregnancy-induced hypertension at Parkland Hospital over 14 years.
  • Management followed a standardized regimen including magnesium sulfate, hydralazine, fluid restriction, and delivery.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Neuroimaging (CT and MRI) was performed on selected patients.

    • Main Results:

    • All 15 women experienced temporary blindness, resolving within 4 hours to 8 days.
    • Computed tomography revealed occipital lobe low-density areas in 8 of 13 women.
    • Magnetic resonance imaging showed corresponding occipital hyperintense lesions in 2 of 5 women.

    Conclusions:

    • Cortical blindness in preeclampsia-eclampsia is attributed to petechial hemorrhages and focal edema in the occipital cortex.
    • These lesions are likely caused by cerebral vasospasm and diminished blood flow, particularly in the posterior circulation.
    • The visual disturbances are transient and resolve with appropriate management.