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Memory bias does not generalize across anxiety disorders

M Cloitre¹, J Cancienne, R G Heimberg

¹New York Hospital-Cornell Medical Center, New York, USA.

Behaviour Research and Therapy

|March 1, 1995

Summary

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Social phobia patients did not show a memory bias for threat-related words. Both social phobics and controls remembered emotional words better than neutral words, indicating accurate measurement.

Area of Science:

Cognitive Psychology
Clinical Psychology
Neuroscience

Background:

Social phobia is characterized by intense fear of social situations.
Previous research suggested threat-related memory biases in panic disorder.
The generalizability of these biases to social phobia was unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate threat-related memory biases in individuals with social phobia.
To compare memory performance for threat, positive, and neutral words.
To test the applicability of a prior memory paradigm to social phobics.

Main Methods:

Social phobia patients and normal controls completed memory tasks.
A semantic memory task (free recall) was employed.
A perceptual memory task (high-speed recognition) was also used.

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Main Results:

No evidence of a threat-related memory bias was found in social phobics.
Both social phobics and controls demonstrated enhanced memory for affectively valenced words (threat and positive) over neutral words.
The findings suggest the measurement tools were sensitive.

Conclusions:

Threat-related memory bias may not be a universal feature of anxiety disorders like social phobia.
Memory for emotional information, regardless of valence, appears to be enhanced in social phobia.
Further research is needed to understand the cognitive mechanisms underlying social phobia.