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Enterovirus infections in children

Y Asano1, T Yoshikawa

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan.

Current Opinion in Pediatrics
|February 1, 1995
PubMed
Summary

Global efforts using the oral polio vaccine have nearly eradicated polio worldwide. Advanced molecular tools are now crucial for diagnosing enterovirus infections and understanding their role in heart disease.

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Immunology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • International cooperation and oral polio vaccine (OPV) use have dramatically reduced paralytic poliomyelitis globally.
  • The World Health Organization's strategies include mass vaccination campaigns, enhanced surveillance for acute flaccid paralysis, laboratory networks, and targeted immunization.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the success of polio eradication strategies.
  • To introduce advancements in enterovirus diagnostics using molecular genetic technologies.
  • To explore the role of enteroviruses in the pathogenesis of heart disease.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing trivalent oral poliovaccine for mass immunization campaigns.
  • Implementing enhanced surveillance for acute flaccid paralysis.
  • Developing and applying molecular genetic technologies like polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and in situ hybridization.
  • Employing cloned enterovirus complementary DNA (cDNA) from the conserved 5' region for diagnosis.

Main Results:

  • Near elimination of paralytic poliomyelitis in developed nations and significant decrease in developing countries.
  • Development of rapid and sensitive group-specific enterovirus diagnosis using enterovirus cDNA.
  • Identification of enterovirus replication potentially associated with lesions in myocarditis and dilated cardiomyopathy.

Conclusions:

  • Global polio eradication is achievable through coordinated international efforts and effective vaccination strategies.
  • Molecular diagnostic tools, such as PCR and enterovirus cDNA assays, represent significant advances in enterovirus research.
  • Enteroviruses are implicated in the pathogenesis of various heart conditions, including myocarditis and dilated cardiomyopathy.

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