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The class analysis of poverty

E O Wright1

  • 1Department of Sociology, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53706, USA.

International Journal of Health Services : Planning, Administration, Evaluation
|January 1, 1995
PubMed
Summary

Poverty stems from social systems, not just individuals. Addressing poverty requires challenging dominant class power through collective action and mobilization.

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Area of Science:

  • Sociology
  • Economics
  • Political Science

Background:

  • Poverty is often viewed through individual attributes or contingent factors.
  • A deeper understanding requires examining inherent features of the social system.
  • Existing explanations include individual attributes, contingent characteristics, social causes, and inherent system properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze poverty as a result of inherent social system features.
  • To elaborate a class exploitation analysis of poverty.
  • To differentiate between poverty within exploitative relations and nonexploitative oppression.

Main Methods:

  • Review and analysis of different approaches to explaining poverty.
  • Elaboration of a class exploitation framework.
  • Decomposition of poverty into subproblems: the working poor and the underclass.

Main Results:

  • Poverty plays a crucial functional role within a social system shaped by economic oppression and exploitation.
  • Significant numbers of privileged individuals benefit materially from maintaining poverty.
  • Poverty is categorized into two types: within exploitative relations (working poor) and nonexploitative oppression (underclass).

Conclusions:

  • Poverty is intrinsically linked to the structure and inherent properties of the social system.
  • A class analysis reveals a vested interest in poverty maintenance among privileged groups.
  • Reducing poverty in the United States necessitates challenging dominant class power through popular mobilization.

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