[Exposure to glues containing technical heptane: a clinical and electrophysiological study]

Polyneuropathy caused by n-hexane contained in glues was, until recently, the typical occupational disease of shoemakers. Glues no longer contain large concentrations of this solvent, and in some cases, it as been completely replaced by other hydrocarbons. The authors investigated the health status in a group of shoemakers using glues containing 35% technical heptane. The same glue, not containing n-hexane, was used by a shoemaker who worked at home; she developed an otherwise unexplainable peripheral polyneuropathy. For each of the 16 subjects, the following procedures were carried out: environmental sampling, biological monitoring for Mek and heptane metabolites, a neurological and electromyographic examination. No neurological abnormalities were found in the workers that could be attributable to occupational exposure, probably due to the low level environmental contamination (< 100 mg/m3 n-heptane) found in the 7 factories and workshops studied where acceptable hygiene conditions existed. The time course and ratio of urinary metabolites of heptane were also studied, the latter showing a predominance of 2- and 3- heptanol in the initial phase and 2-5 heptandione at the end of the work week; probably, the presence of other solvents, such as Mek, can modify the ratio of metabolites and consequently the formation of neurotoxic compounds could result.