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Related Experiment Videos

Evaluating risk: a primer for gastroenterologists

G M Eisen1, R S Sandler, J I Wurzelmann

  • 1Division of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA.

The American Journal of Gastroenterology
|May 1, 1995
PubMed
Summary
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Understanding risk measures is crucial for clinical decisions. Absolute risk and number needed to treat offer practical insights for patient care and disease prevention, unlike relative risk or odds ratios.

Area of Science:

  • Medical Statistics
  • Clinical Epidemiology
  • Health Outcomes Research

Background:

  • Risk measures are essential for interpreting medical research and guiding clinical practice.
  • Different risk metrics can lead to varied interpretations of treatment efficacy and disease probability.
  • Gastroenterological literature provides relevant examples for understanding risk presentation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review diverse types of risk measures used in medical literature.
  • To demonstrate how the presentation of risk influences interpretation.
  • To highlight the utility of specific risk measures in clinical decision-making.

Main Methods:

  • Definition of various risk estimates, including absolute risk, relative risk, odds ratio, and number needed to treat.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Illustrative examples drawn from recent gastroenterological studies.
  • Analysis of how different risk measures are applied in practice.

    • Main Results:

    • Absolute risk and number needed to treat calculations are valuable for assessing fecal occult blood testing in colorectal cancer prevention.
    • These measures aid in estimating small bowel cancer rates for individuals with familial adenomatous polyposis.
    • Relative risk and odds ratio are more suited for causality analysis than clinical guidance.

    Conclusions:

    • Absolute risk and attributable risk quantify the impact of exposures and interventions on both population and individual levels.
    • These measures provide a clearer understanding of the actual number of cases associated with a given exposure.
    • Absolute risk and attributable risk should be prioritized for clinical decision-making and evaluating intervention effectiveness.