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Perforin: structure and function

C C Liu1, C M Walsh, J D Young

  • 1Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Cell Biology, Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10021, USA.

Immunology Today
|April 1, 1995
PubMed
Summary
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Perforin, a killer lymphocyte protein, forms pores in target cells. Its structure and function are now understood, aided by perforin-deficient mice, clarifying its role in cell killing.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Perforin is a key cytolytic mediator released by killer lymphocytes from cytoplasmic granules.
  • It shares homology with complement system's membrane attack complex, forming pores up to 20 nm in diameter.
  • Recent advancements include unraveling perforin's genomic and protein structures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline the biochemical and molecular features of perforin.
  • To discuss the evolving understanding of perforin's relevance in cell killing.
  • To compare the roles of perforin and Fas in cytotoxic mechanisms.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing genetically engineered, perforin-deficient mice to elucidate perforin's function.
  • Reviewing genomic and protein structural data.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Analyzing biochemical and molecular characteristics of perforin.

    • Main Results:

    • Perforin's structure and function have been elucidated.
    • Perforin-deficient mice models have been crucial for understanding its role.
    • The mechanism of pore formation on target membranes is understood.

    Conclusions:

    • Perforin is a critical component in lymphocyte-mediated cytotoxicity.
    • Further research is ongoing to fully understand the interplay between perforin and Fas pathways.
    • The study provides a foundation for exploring perforin's role in immune responses and disease.