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Human protein kinase CK2 genes

U Wirkner1, H Voss, P Lichter

  • 1Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany.

Cellular & Molecular Biology Research
|January 1, 1994
PubMed
Summary
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Researchers analyzed human protein kinase CK2 (also known as CK2) genes, characterizing the regulatory beta subunit and a pseudogene of the catalytic alpha subunit. Gene structures are conserved across species, with specific chromosomal localizations identified.

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genomics
  • Human Genetics

Background:

  • Protein kinase CK2 (CK2) is a crucial enzyme involved in various cellular processes.
  • Understanding the genomic structure of CK2 subunits is essential for comprehending its regulation and function.
  • Previous studies suggested the existence of multiple CK2 genes in the human genome.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the genomic structure of human protein kinase CK2 genes.
  • To characterize the genes encoding the regulatory beta subunit and the catalytic alpha subunit.
  • To map the identified CK2 genes to specific locations within the human genome.

Main Methods:

  • Genomic DNA analysis and characterization of gene structures, including exons and introns.
  • Identification and analysis of repetitive elements (Alu repeats) within gene introns.

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  • Gene mapping using genomic clones and established human genome localization techniques.
  • Sequence homology analysis to compare human CK2 genes with other species and cDNA.

    • Main Results:

    • The gene for the regulatory beta subunit (4.2 kb, seven exons) and a processed alpha subunit pseudogene were fully characterized.
    • A significant portion of the catalytic alpha subunit gene was also analyzed, revealing eight exons in its central region.
    • Introns of the alpha gene contained 16 Alu repeats, some in tandem arrays.
    • The genomic structures of human CK2 alpha and beta genes show high conservation with Caenorhabditis elegans.
    • The beta gene mapped to 6p21, the alpha gene to 20p13, and the alpha pseudogene to 11p15.
    • No additional loci for alpha or beta subunits were detected in the human genome.

    Conclusions:

    • The genomic organization of human protein kinase CK2 alpha and beta genes is well-defined and highly conserved.
    • The identified chromosomal localizations provide precise genomic anchors for these important kinase genes.
    • The characterized alpha pseudogene, despite having an open reading frame, appears non-transcribed.