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Transfusion-transmitted hepatitis virus infection

¹Transmissible Diseases Department, American Red Cross, Holland Laboratory, Rockville, Maryland, USA.

Hematology/Oncology Clinics of North America

|February 1, 1995

Summary

Viral hepatitis from blood transfusions, mainly hepatitis B and C, posed serious risks. Donor screening and testing for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and anti-HBc have drastically reduced hepatitis B virus (HBV) transmission risks.

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Area of Science:

Hepatology
Virology
Transfusion Medicine

Background:

Viral hepatitis has historically been a significant complication associated with blood transfusions.
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) were the primary causative agents.
Both HBV (DNA virus) and HCV (RNA virus) are lipid-enveloped viruses, making them susceptible to inactivation.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the historical impact of viral hepatitis on blood transfusion safety.
To highlight the effectiveness of screening and testing protocols in mitigating transfusion-transmitted viral infections.

Main Methods:

Review of historical data on transfusion-transmitted viral hepatitis.
Analysis of the impact of donor screening and serological testing for HBV markers.

Main Results:

Hepatitis B and C viruses were major concerns in transfusion medicine.
Implementation of donor screening and serological tests (HBsAg, anti-HBc) significantly reduced HBV transmission.
The risk of transfusion-transmitted HBV infection has been largely eliminated.

Conclusions:

Stringent donor screening and testing protocols are crucial for blood transfusion safety.
Effective measures have been implemented to control transfusion-transmitted hepatitis B.
Ongoing vigilance is necessary to maintain safety against transfusion-transmitted viral infections.

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