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Demographic perspectives on China and India

A Adlakha¹, J Banister

¹US Bureau of the Census, Washington, DC, USA.

Journal of Biosocial Science

|April 1, 1995

Summary

China and India are in demographic transition, but China is closer to a stationary population with lower fertility and higher life expectancy. China

Keywords:

Age Distribution Age Factors Asia China Comparative Studies Contraception Contraceptive Usage Crime Demographic Factors Developing Countries Eastern Asia Family Planning Fertility Fertility Decline India Infanticide--women Mortality Mortality Decline Population Population Characteristics Population Dynamics Population Growth Sex Distribution Sex Factors Sex Ratio Social Problems Southern Asia Studies

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Area of Science:

Demography
Population Studies
Public Health

Background:

China and India are the world's most populous nations.
Both countries are experiencing significant demographic shifts.

Purpose of the Study:

To compare population growth, composition, mortality, and fertility trends in China and India.
To assess the progress of demographic transition in both countries.

Main Methods:

Comparative analysis of demographic data.
Examination of population growth rates, age/sex structure, mortality, and fertility.
Inclusion of family planning practices in the analysis.

Main Results:

China's fertility is below replacement level; India's is above.
China has a life expectancy approximately 10 years longer than India.
China is projected to age faster than India in the 21st century.

Conclusions:

China is nearer to achieving a stationary population than India.
Both nations show progress in reducing mortality but face different demographic futures.
Divergent fertility and mortality trends will shape the future population structures of China and India.