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Low-rate smokers

N Owen1, P Kent, M Wakefield

  • 1Department of Community Medicine, University of Adelaide, Australia.

Preventive Medicine
|January 1, 1995
PubMed
Summary
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About 8.2% of long-term smokers are low-rate smokers (≤5 cigarettes/day). These individuals perceive quitting as easier and may benefit from targeted cessation campaigns to reduce overall smoking prevalence.

Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Epidemiology
  • Behavioral Science

Background:

  • Some individuals smoke few cigarettes daily without apparent nicotine addiction, termed "tobacco chippers."
  • Understanding low-rate smoking is crucial given increasing societal and environmental pressures against smoking.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the population prevalence of low-rate smoking (≤5 cigarettes/day).
  • To identify characteristics associated with low-rate smoking behavior.

Main Methods:

  • A representative population survey was conducted.
  • Data on sociodemographic, contextual, cognitive, and smoking behavior variables were collected.
  • Prevalence and correlates of low-rate smoking were analyzed.

Main Results:

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  • 8.2% of long-term smokers (≥2 years) smoked ≤5 cigarettes daily.
  • Low-rate smokers were younger on average (39 years) and had smoked for extended periods (88% for ≥6 years).
  • Predictors of low-rate smoking included perceiving quitting as less difficult, delaying the first cigarette, buying smaller packs, and not receiving physician advice to quit.

Conclusions:

  • Few distinct characteristics differentiate low-rate smokers from higher-rate smokers in population surveys.
  • Targeted cessation interventions and public education for low-rate smokers are recommended, as no smoking level is safe.
  • Addressing low-rate smoking can significantly contribute to reducing overall smoking prevalence.