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Lactic acid, an important organic acid extensively applied in food, pharmaceutical, and biodegradable polymer industries, is primarily produced via microbial fermentation. This method is favored over chemical synthesis due to its environmental sustainability and capacity for enantiomerically pure product formation. Among various microbial processes, the fermentation of starch-based substrates stands out due to the abundance and renewability of raw materials like corn and potatoes.Hydrolysis of...
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Aminoglycosides constitute a highly potent class of bactericidal antibiotics that exert their antimicrobial effects by targeting the bacterial ribosome, specifically disrupting protein synthesis. These polycationic molecules consist of amino-modified sugars linked via glycosidic bonds to an aminocyclitol core such as 2-deoxystreptamine or streptamine. Their strong positive charges facilitate tight binding to the negatively charged phosphate backbone of ribosomal RNA (rRNA), primarily at the 16S...
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Diabetic Ketoacidosis l: Introduction01:25

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DefinitionDiabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is an acute, life-threatening complication of diabetes mellitus, characterized by a triad of hyperglycemia (blood glucose >250 mg/dL), ketonemia or ketonuria, and metabolic acidosis (arterial pH <7.30 and serum bicarbonate <18 mEq/L). It results from insulin deficiency combined with elevated levels of counterregulatory hormones—glucagon, catecholamines, cortisol, and growth hormone—leading to increased lipolysis, hepatic...
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Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a metabolic emergency characterized by hyperglycemia, ketonemia, and metabolic acidosis. It results from severe insulin deficiency and an excess of counterregulatory hormones, leading to uncontrolled lipolysis, ketogenesis, and widespread electrolyte and fluid disturbances.Pathophysiology The central event in DKA is a profound loss of insulin action. Without insulin, glucose uptake in insulin-dependent tissues is impaired, while hepatic glucose production...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 5, 2026

Measuring Lactase Enzymatic Activity in the Teaching Lab
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Antibiotic-induced D-lactic acidosis

B E Coronado1, S M Opal, D C Yoburn

  • 1Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA.

Annals of Internal Medicine
|June 1, 1995
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Oral antibiotics can trigger D-lactic acidosis in patients with short bowel syndrome by causing overgrowth of resistant Lactobacillus acidophilus. Carbohydrate intake and antibiotic use are key factors in developing this condition.

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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Internal Medicine
  • Clinical Microbiology

Background:

  • D-lactic acidosis is a rare metabolic disorder.
  • Short bowel syndrome (SBS) patients are susceptible to enteric dysbiosis.
  • Lactobacillus acidophilus can produce D-lactate.

Observation:

  • A patient with SBS experienced recurrent D-lactic acidosis episodes.
  • Antibiotic therapy preceded the acidosis episodes.
  • Stool cultures revealed Lactobacillus acidophilus resistant to prescribed antibiotics.

Findings:

  • Oral antibiotics induced D-lactic acidosis by promoting resistant D-lactate-producing organism overgrowth.
  • Dietary carbohydrate challenge alone did not reproduce the syndrome without antibiotics.
  • Antibiotic use and carbohydrate load appear to be critical factors.

Implications:

  • This case highlights a potential adverse effect of oral antibiotics in SBS patients.
  • Optimizing antibiotic selection via susceptibility testing is crucial for managing D-lactic acidosis.
  • Understanding the interplay between diet and antibiotics is vital for preventing recurrence.