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Thyroid dysfunction following bone marrow transplantation using hyperfractionated radiation

F Boulad¹, M Bromley, P Black

¹Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10021, USA.

Bone Marrow Transplantation

|January 1, 1995

Summary

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Thyroid dysfunction, specifically hypothyroidism, is a common complication after bone marrow transplantation (BMT) involving hyperfractionated radiation. Many cases of hypothyroidism following BMT are compensated and may resolve spontaneously.

Area of Science:

Endocrinology
Oncology
Hematology

Background:

Thyroid dysfunction is a known complication after bone marrow transplantation (BMT).
Data on hypothyroidism following hyperfractionated radiation in BMT is limited.

Purpose of the Study:

To analyze the incidence and characteristics of thyroid dysfunction after BMT with hyperfractionated radiation.

Main Methods:

Retrospective analysis of 150 patients undergoing BMT.
Evaluation of thyroid function at least 1 year post-transplant.
Patients received hyperfractionated total body irradiation (TBI) or total lymphoid irradiation (TLI).

Main Results:

14.7% of patients (22/150) developed hypothyroidism post-BMT.

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Hypothyroidism occurred 11-88 months after transplant (median 49 months).

Most cases were compensated hypothyroidism; 6/8 untreated patients recovered spontaneously.

Conclusions:

Hyperfractionated radiation in BMT is associated with a significant risk of hypothyroidism.
Compensated hypothyroidism may resolve spontaneously, warranting careful monitoring.
Further research into long-term thyroid surveillance post-BMT is recommended.