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Related Experiment Videos

Neuronal control of esophageal function

W G Richards1, D J Sugarbaker

  • 1Division of Thoracic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

Chest Surgery Clinics of North America
|February 1, 1995
PubMed
Summary
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The autonomic nervous system controls esophageal peristalsis and sphincter function through various divisions. This includes neural control of the upper esophageal sphincter and enteric circuitry for the lower esophageal sphincter, involving cholinergic and NO-mediated pathways.

Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Neuroscience
  • Physiology

Background:

  • Esophageal motility and sphincter function are regulated by the autonomic nervous system (ANS).
  • The ANS comprises parasympathetic, sympathetic, and enteric divisions influencing esophageal activity.
  • Understanding these neural pathways is crucial for esophageal function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the neural control mechanisms of esophageal peristalsis and sphincter function.
  • To detail the roles of different ANS divisions in esophageal motility.
  • To identify neurotransmitters involved in esophageal muscle contraction and relaxation.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on esophageal neurophysiology.
  • Analysis of studies investigating vagal nerve pathways and brainstem circuits.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Examination of molecular mechanisms of esophageal muscle control.

    • Main Results:

    • Proximal esophagus (upper sphincter) uses striated muscle under direct vagal (cholinergic) control.
    • Distal esophagus (lower sphincter) relies on enteric circuitry modulated by vagal input.
    • Esophageal peristalsis involves cholinergic excitation and nitric oxide (NO)-mediated inhibition.
    • Lower esophageal sphincter relaxation is mediated by NO and/or vasoactive intestinal polypeptide.

    Conclusions:

    • The autonomic nervous system intricately controls esophageal peristalsis and sphincter dynamics.
    • Distinct neural circuits govern proximal and distal esophageal functions.
    • Cholinergic and NO-mediated signaling are key to esophageal motility and sphincter competence.