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Related Concept Videos

Myocarditis I: Introduction01:21

Myocarditis I: Introduction

Myocarditis is inflammation of the myocardium, which is the muscular layer of the heart.EtiologyMyocarditis has a diverse etiology, including a wide range of infectious and non-infectious causes:Infectious CausesViral: Common viruses include Coxsackie A and B, adenovirus, parvovirus B19, enteroviruses, and influenza A.Bacterial: Examples include infections caused by Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, and Mycoplasma species.Rickettsial: Infections like Rocky Mountain spotted fever can result in...
Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction01:23

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Rheumatic heart disease or RHD is a chronic condition that results from rheumatic fever, causing permanent damage to the heart valves.Etiology and Risk FactorsIt primarily arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory disease that can develop after untreated or inadequately treated group A streptococcal (GAS) pharyngitis. Streptococcus spreads through direct contact with oral or respiratory secretions. While the bacteria are the causative agents, factors like malnutrition, overcrowding, poor...
Rheumatic Heart Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies01:22

Rheumatic Heart Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies

The key clinical manifestations of Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) include several distinct cardiac symptoms.Carditis, a hallmark of acute rheumatic fever, involves inflammation of the heart's endocardium, myocardium, and pericardium. Chronic RHD often results from recurrent episodes of carditis. Its symptoms include the following:Murmurs are caused by valvular damage, especially to the mitral and aortic valves. Mitral stenosis or regurgitation is common, with characteristic heart murmurs...
Cardiomyopathy II: Dilated Cardiomyopathy01:30

Cardiomyopathy II: Dilated Cardiomyopathy

Dilated cardiomyopathy, or DCM, is a progressive myocardial disorder characterized by ventricular chamber dilation and contractile dysfunction.EtiologyVarious factors can cause DCM, including hypertension and heavy alcohol intake, which contribute to the weakening and enlargement of the heart muscle. Viral infections, such as Coxsackievirus B, adenoviruses, and influenza, can lead to DCM by causing inflammation and damage to heart tissue. Certain chemotherapeutic agents, including daunorubicin,...
Cardiomyopathy III: Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy01:29

Cardiomyopathy III: Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, or HCM, is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder characterized by asymmetric left ventricular hypertrophy without ventricular dilation. It is more common in men and is typically diagnosed in young, athletic adults.EtiologyHCM is primarily genetic and is caused by mutations in genes encoding sarcomeric proteins. Researchers have identified over 1400 mutations across at least 11 different genes. Among these, the most frequently occurring mutations are found in the...
Cardiomyopathy IV: Restrictive Cardiomyopathy01:29

Cardiomyopathy IV: Restrictive Cardiomyopathy

Restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM) is a rare heart muscle disease characterized by impaired ventricular filling due to stiffened ventricular walls, leading to significant diastolic dysfunction.EtiologyRestrictive cardiomyopathy can arise from both inherited and acquired diseases, many of which are systemic. It is categorized into four main types: infiltrative, storage, non-infiltrative, and endomyocardial diseases.Infiltrative diseases, such as amyloidosis, lead to RCM by depositing amyloid...

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Visualization of Streptococcus pneumoniae within Cardiac Microlesions and Subsequent Cardiac Remodeling
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Cardiac involvement in collagen diseases

S T Toumanidis1, C M Papamichael, L G Antoniades

  • 1Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Medical School of Athens University, Alexandra Hospital, Greece.

European Heart Journal
|February 1, 1995
PubMed
Summary

Collagen diseases like progressive systemic sclerosis can cause early heart abnormalities, including left ventricular hypertrophy and reduced ejection fraction. Rheumatoid arthritis patients may exhibit predominant valve dysfunction.

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Rheumatology
  • Echocardiography

Background:

  • Collagen diseases can affect multiple organs, including the heart.
  • Early detection of cardiac involvement is crucial for managing these conditions.
  • Patients often lack traditional cardiovascular risk factors or overt symptoms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify early cardiac morphological and functional changes in patients with collagen diseases.
  • To differentiate cardiac manifestations among various collagen diseases.
  • To assess cardiac function at rest and during isometric exercise.

Main Methods:

  • Echocardiography was performed on 62 patients with collagen diseases (systemic sclerosis, lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, dermatomyositis) and 40 healthy controls.
  • Measurements included global and regional left ventricular ejection fraction at rest and during handgrip isometric exercise.
  • Analysis focused on left ventricular mass, ejection fraction, and valve function.

Main Results:

  • Progressive systemic sclerosis patients showed significantly higher left ventricular mass index and the lowest ejection fraction.
  • All collagen disease groups exhibited interventricular septum dysfunction during isometric exercise.
  • Rheumatoid arthritis patients displayed reduced mitral and aortic valve leaflet separation.

Conclusions:

  • Progressive systemic sclerosis is associated with left ventricular hypertrophy and reduced ejection fraction.
  • Rheumatoid arthritis patients primarily present with valvular dysfunction.
  • Echocardiography can detect subclinical cardiac abnormalities in collagen vascular diseases.