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Related Experiment Videos

Functional and structural interactions between measles virus hemagglutinin and CD46

O Nussbaum1, C C Broder, B Moss

  • 1Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.

Journal of Virology
|June 1, 1995
PubMed
Summary

The measles virus (MV) hemagglutinin (H) glycoprotein specifically binds human CD46, mediating viral entry into primate cells. This interaction dictates MV fusion specificity, unlike canine distemper virus (CDV) glycoproteins.

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Measles virus (MV) and canine distemper virus (CDV) are morbilliviruses that utilize cell surface receptors for entry.
  • Human CD46 serves as the primary receptor for MV.
  • The roles of MV surface glycoproteins, hemagglutinin (H) and fusion (F), in receptor interaction and cell fusion are not fully elucidated.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the specific roles of MV H and F glycoproteins in functional and structural interactions with human CD46.
  • To determine which glycoprotein dictates MV fusion specificity and CD46 dependence.
  • To compare the interaction and specificity of MV glycoproteins with those of CDV.

Main Methods:

  • Recombinant vaccinia virus vectors were used to express MV and CDV H and F glycoproteins in cell populations.

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  • Cell-cell fusion assays, including reporter gene activation and syncytium formation, were employed.
  • Flow cytometry and antibody coprecipitation were used to assess glycoprotein-receptor interactions.

    • Main Results:

    • MV glycoproteins mediated fusion with primate cells but not nonprimate cells, unless CD46 was present.
    • CDV glycoproteins mediated fusion with both primate and nonprimate cells independently of CD46.
    • The H glycoprotein, not F, determined the fusion specificity for both MV and CDV, with MV H specifically interacting with CD46.

    Conclusions:

    • The measles virus hemagglutinin (H) glycoprotein is critical for determining MV specificity for CD46-positive cells.
    • A direct functional and structural interaction exists between MV H and human CD46.
    • Fusion specificity in morbilliviruses is dictated by the H glycoprotein, highlighting its role in host range and entry.