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[Endemic hepatitis B in 2 marginal ethnic minorities. Comparative study]

M T Virto Ruiz1, M P Marín Alcalá, T Pascual Val

  • 1Centro de Salud San Jorge, Pamplona, Navarra.

Medicina Clinica
|September 11, 1993
PubMed
Summary

Hepatitis B (HB) is hyperendemic in the cigane population due to lifestyle factors, with significantly higher prevalence compared to gypsies and controls. This highlights the need for targeted public health interventions for high-risk groups.

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Area of Science:

  • Hepatology
  • Public Health
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Hepatitis B (HB) poses a significant health risk to marginalized populations.
  • Previous studies suggest higher HB prevalence in certain ethnic groups.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the prevalence of Hepatitis B (HB) infection between two distinct marginal populations: ciganes and gypsies.
  • To identify risk factors contributing to HB hyperendemia in these groups.

Main Methods:

  • Serologic markers for Hepatitis B (HB) were analyzed in 245 ciganes and 127 gypsies.
  • A control group of 103 individuals from the general neighborhood was included for comparison.
  • Prevalence rates of HBsAg, HBeAg, and HB antibodies were determined.

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Main Results:

  • Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) was detected in 27% of ciganes, versus 0.9% in controls and 0% in gypsies (p < 0.001).
  • Hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) was positive in 15% of ciganes (p < 0.001).
  • HB antibodies were found in 72% of ciganes, compared to 12% of gypsies and 10% of controls (p < 0.001).
  • Gypsies showed higher infection rates from adolescence (29%) than controls (13%) (p < 0.001).
  • Evidence of high intrafamily horizontal and vertical transmission of HB was observed in ciganes.

Conclusions:

  • The cigane population exhibits hyperendemic Hepatitis B (HB) infection.
  • Disparities in lifestyle and living conditions between ciganes and gypsies likely contribute to the observed HB hyperendemia.
  • Targeted public health strategies are crucial for controlling HB in high-risk marginalized communities.