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Exercise and bone mineral density

P D Chilibeck1, D G Sale, C E Webber

  • 1Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.

Sports Medicine (Auckland, N.Z.)
|February 1, 1995
PubMed
Summary
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Regular physical activity, especially strength training, enhances bone density and reduces fracture risk. Mechanical stress on bones stimulates formation and improves their physical properties, crucial for preventing osteoporosis.

Area of Science:

  • Bone physiology
  • Exercise science
  • Orthopedics

Background:

  • Reduced physical activity is linked to bone loss and increased osteoporotic fractures.
  • Bone responds positively to mechanical stress, enhancing its physical and mechanical properties.
  • Athletes, particularly those in strength training, exhibit higher bone mineral density.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore how mechanical loading influences bone formation and density.
  • To identify optimal strain characteristics for bone strengthening.
  • To review proposed mechanisms linking mechanical strain to bone formation.

Main Methods:

  • Review of animal studies on bone response to stress.
  • Analysis of cross-sectional studies comparing athletes and non-athletes.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Examination of longitudinal training studies on bone density.
  • Investigation of strain induction and its effects on bone remodeling.

    • Main Results:

    • High-rate, high-magnitude, and abnormally distributed strains are most effective for bone formation.
    • Strength training and high-impact endurance exercise increase bone density.
    • Bone density correlates with strength, muscle mass, and maximal oxygen uptake.
    • Strain induction can enhance bone formation and inhibit resorption.

    Conclusions:

    • Mechanical loading is a key factor in maintaining and increasing bone density.
    • Specific types of physical activity, like strength and high-impact training, are beneficial for bone health.
    • Understanding the mechanisms of mechanotransduction is vital for developing strategies against osteoporosis.