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Related Experiment Videos

Bone island (enostosis): current concept--a review

A Greenspan1

  • 1Department of Radiology, University of California, Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento 95817, USA.

Skeletal Radiology
|February 1, 1995
PubMed
Summary

Bone islands (enostoses) are benign bone growths diagnosed via imaging. While typically inactive on bone scans, their definitive diagnosis relies on characteristic imaging features, not scan activity alone.

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Area of Science:

  • Radiology
  • Orthopedic Pathology
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Enostosis, or bone island, is a mature compact bone focus within cancellous bone.
  • Considered a benign lesion of congenital or developmental origin, possibly due to failed resorption during ossification.
  • Often mistaken for tumor-like conditions or hamartomas.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline the diagnostic features of bone islands.
  • To emphasize the role of imaging modalities in differentiating bone islands from other bone lesions.
  • To caution against over-reliance on bone scan activity for diagnosis.

Main Methods:

  • Review of clinical and radiological features of bone islands.
  • Analysis of plain radiography, CT, and MRI findings.
  • Discussion of skeletal scintigraphy (bone scan) utility and limitations.

Main Results:

  • Bone islands present as homogeneously dense, sclerotic foci with "thorny radiation" on radiography.
  • CT shows low-attenuation, MRI shows low signal intensity, mimicking cortical bone.
  • Typically "cold" on bone scans, but scintigraphically active cases exist.

Conclusions:

  • Bone islands are virtually diagnosable via characteristic imaging findings.
  • Radiography, CT, and MRI are key for diagnosis.
  • Diagnosis should integrate clinical context and morphology, not solely bone scan results.

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