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Subtotal parathyroidectomy in dialysis-dependent and post-renal transplant patients. A 25-year single-center
J D Punch1, N W Thompson, R M Merion
1Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, USA.
Objective:
To determine long-term results and durability of parathyroidectomy in patients with chronic renal failure and renal transplant recipients.
Design:
Retrospective chart review and structured telephone interviews.
Setting:
Tertiary-care academic medical center.
Patients:
Ninety-one consecutive patients (80 undergoing long-term dialysis, 11 with posttransplant hyperparathyroidism). Mean follow-up was 8 years (minimum follow-up, 2 years; longest follow-up, 25 years). The most common indications for operation were bone pain (70% [56/80]) and weakness (46% [37/80]) in patients with renal failure and hypercalcemia (91% [10/11]) in renal transplant recipients.
Intervention:
Subtotal parathyroidectomy without remnant gland implantation.
Main Outcome Measures:
Postoperative morbidity and mortality, relief and recurrence of symptoms.
Results:
Symptoms were successfully ameliorated in 95% (86/91) of patients. Clinically significant complications occurred in 5% (5/91) of patients (one patient each with wound hematoma, wound infection, and permanent recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis and two patients with permanent hypoparathyroidism). Recurrence occurred in five (5%) of 91 patients. Two of these patients required four operations each to eradicate all hyperfunctioning accessory glands. The other three recurrences were caused by hyperplasia of the remnant gland left in the neck. These were easily treated by simple excision, with no morbidity. The actuarial rate of recurrent hyperparathyroidism was 4.1% at 1 year and 11.7% at 20 years. Overall hospital mortality was 3% (3/91). None of the deaths was directly attributable to parathyroidectomy.
Conclusions:
We recommend subtotal parathyroidectomy without remnant implantation as a safe and durable intervention for hyperparathyroidism associated with renal failure and following renal transplantation. This intervention is associated with an acceptably low recurrence rate over extremely long periods of follow-up.