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Blood-borne viral infections

¹Max v. Pettenkofer-Institut für Hygiene, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität.

Blood Coagulation & Fibrinolysis : an International Journal in Haemostasis and Thrombosis

|December 1, 1994

Summary

Blood transfusion safety has improved due to donor screening and virus testing, significantly reducing risks from common viruses like hepatitis B, C, and HIV. Ongoing research is needed for viruses like hepatitis A and human T-cell leukaemia virus.

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Area of Science:

Transfusion Medicine
Virology
Public Health

Background:

Blood transfusion safety has significantly improved.
Donor selection and virus testing have reduced risks from hepatitis B, hepatitis C, and human immunodeficiency virus in Europe.
Certain viruses like parvovirus B19 and cytomegalovirus pose risks primarily to pediatric recipients.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the current landscape of transfusion-transmitted viral infections.
To identify viruses that remain a concern for blood transfusion safety.
To highlight areas requiring further research in transfusion virology.

Main Methods:

Review of existing literature on transfusion-transmitted viral infections.
Analysis of virus prevalence, pathogenicity, and transmission risks.
Assessment of current screening practices and their effectiveness.

Main Results:

Most European countries have a low risk of transfusion-transmitted hepatitis B, hepatitis C, and HIV.
Parvovirus B19 and cytomegalovirus are noted risks, particularly for children.
Hepatitis A virus relevance requires further investigation.
Human T-cell leukaemia virus is a potential future risk.

Conclusions:

Blood safety has been enhanced by donor screening and testing.
While common viral risks are low in many regions, specific viruses like parvovirus B19 and CMV remain relevant, especially for pediatric populations.
Further research is necessary to fully understand and mitigate risks from hepatitis A and human T-cell leukaemia viruses in transfusion medicine.

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