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Chromium and parenteral nutrition

R A Anderson1

  • 1Vitamin and Mineral Nutrition Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Maryland 20705-2350, USA.

Nutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County, Calif.)
|January 1, 1995
PubMed
Summary

Chromium (Cr) is essential for human nutrition, as TPN patients showed diabetic symptoms without it. Supplementing Cr alleviated these symptoms, demonstrating its critical role in metabolism and health.

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Area of Science:

  • Human Nutrition
  • Metabolic Disorders
  • Trace Element Research

Background:

  • Total parenteral nutrition (TPN) can lead to chromium deficiency.
  • Chromium deficiency in TPN patients manifests as severe diabetic symptoms, including glucose intolerance and neurological issues.
  • These symptoms are often unresponsive to insulin therapy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To document the essential role of chromium (Cr) in human nutrition.
  • To investigate the effects of chromium supplementation in patients on TPN.
  • To establish recommendations for chromium intake in TPN patients.

Main Methods:

  • Observational studies of patients on TPN.
  • Clinical assessment of diabetic symptoms before and after chromium addition to TPN.
  • Evaluation of chromium status in healthy subjects under stress.

Main Results:

  • TPN patients developed severe diabetic symptoms, including glucose intolerance and neurological disorders.
  • Addition of chromium to TPN fluids resolved these diabetic symptoms, eliminating the need for exogenous insulin.
  • Suboptimal chromium intake is common in Western diets, and stress can exacerbate deficiency.

Conclusions:

  • Chromium is an essential trace element crucial for glucose metabolism and overall health.
  • Chromium supplementation is vital for TPN patients to prevent or treat deficiency-related symptoms.
  • Recommended daily intake for short-term TPN is 10-20 micrograms; long-term TPN patients may get sufficient chromium from fluids, but monitoring is advised.

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