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Apolipoprotein E isoform phenotype and LDL subclass response to a reduced-fat diet
D M Dreon1, H A Fernstrom, B Miller
1Donner Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, CA 94720, USA.
Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology
|January 1, 1995
Summary
Reduced dietary fat intake lowers large LDL cholesterol levels, particularly in individuals with specific apolipoprotein E phenotypes. This shift in LDL particle size is dependent on the apolipoprotein E (apoE) genotype.
Area of Science:
- Nutritional Science
- Human Genetics
- Cardiovascular Research
Background:
- Apolipoprotein E (apoE) genotype influences lipid metabolism.
- Dietary fat intake significantly impacts lipoprotein profiles.
- Understanding apoE's role in diet response is crucial for personalized nutrition.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the association between apoE isoform phenotype and lipoprotein response to reduced dietary fat.
- To determine how different apoE genotypes affect LDL cholesterol levels and particle characteristics on varying fat diets.
Main Methods:
- Randomized crossover study with 103 healthy men.
- Consumption of high-fat (46%) and low-fat (24%) diets for 6 weeks each.
- Analysis of LDL cholesterol, apoB levels, and LDL subfraction mass via analytical ultracentrifugation.
Main Results:
- High-fat diet LDL cholesterol varied by apoE phenotype (apoE4/3, 4/4 > apoE3/3 > apoE3/2).
- Low-fat diet induced greater LDL cholesterol reduction in apoE4/3, 4/4 phenotypes.
- Diet-induced LDL cholesterol reduction was due to a shift from large, buoyant LDL to smaller, denser LDL, influenced by apoE phenotype.
Conclusions:
- Reduced dietary fat lowers large, buoyant LDL particles through an apoE-dependent mechanism.
- The magnitude of LDL particle shift is related to apoE phenotype, with greater reduction in apoE4 carriers.
- Findings highlight the role of apoE genotype in mediating dietary fat's impact on LDL particle composition.