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Related Concept Videos

Bystander Effect02:09

Bystander Effect

The discussion of bullying highlights the problem of witnesses not intervening to help a victim. This is a common occurrence, as the following well-publicized event demonstrates. In 1964, in Queens, New York, a 19-year-old woman named Kitty Genovese was attacked by a person with a knife near the back entrance to her apartment building and again in the hallway inside her apartment building. When the attack occurred, she screamed for help numerous times and eventually died from her stab wounds.
The Intrinsic Apoptotic Pathway01:31

The Intrinsic Apoptotic Pathway

Internal cellular stress, such as cellular injury or hypoxia, triggers intrinsic apoptosis. The B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) family of proteins are the primary regulators of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway. For example, during DNA damage, checkpoint proteins, such as Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated (ATM protein) and Checkpoints Factor-2 (Chk2) proteins, are activated. These proteins phosphorylate p53 which further activates pro-apoptotic proteins, such as Bax, Bak, PUMA, and Noxa, and inhibits...
Prevention of Further Absorption of Poison01:14

Prevention of Further Absorption of Poison

In cases of acute poisoning, the primary objective is to prevent further absorption of the toxic substance into the body. Immediate interventions using various decontamination techniques targeting the gastrointestinal (GI) tract can achieve this. Decontamination is crucial to prevent poison from entering the systemic circulation, which involves washing affected areas with water and mild soap and removing contaminated clothing. Once external decontamination is done, attention must be turned to...
Hypoxia01:23

Hypoxia

Hypoxia is a medical condition characterized by an inadequate oxygen supply to body tissues. It typically manifests as a bluish discoloration of the skin and mucosae, especially in fair-skinned individuals, when hemoglobin (Hb) saturation drops below 75%.
Types of Hypoxia
There are four primary types of hypoxia, each resulting from a different cause:
1. Anemic hypoxia: This type occurs due to insufficient oxygen delivery caused by a lack of red blood cells (RBCs) or RBCs with abnormal or...
Pharmaceutical Poisoning: Potential Scenarios01:26

Pharmaceutical Poisoning: Potential Scenarios

Pharmaceutical poisoning can occur through various channels, impacting an estimated 2 million hospitalized patients in the U.S. annually with serious adverse drug responses. These scenarios encompass both therapeutic uses, such as drug toxicity, where even standard dosages can lead to severe central nervous system depression, and non-therapeutic exposures, including accidental ingestion by children, and environmental and occupational exposures.Unintentional poisonings often involve exploratory...
Pharmaceutical Poisoning: Treatment Strategies01:26

Pharmaceutical Poisoning: Treatment Strategies

Treatment strategies for poisoning are a critical aspect of emergency medicine, focusing on preventing the absorption of toxins and enhancing their elimination. When a poisoning incident occurs, the first response is to halt exposure and decontaminate the patient, particularly through gastrointestinal (GI) methods if the poison was ingested.Gastrointestinal Decontamination Techniques:Activated charcoal is the cornerstone of GI decontamination. It works through adsorption, binding the toxin to...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 6, 2026

Double Direct Injection of Blood into the Cisterna Magna as a Model of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
10:34

Double Direct Injection of Blood into the Cisterna Magna as a Model of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

Published on: August 30, 2020

Homicide in the bathtub

P Schmidt1, B Madea

  • 1Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Cologne, Germany.

Forensic Science International
|March 31, 1995
PubMed
Summary

This study analyzed 215 bathtub fatalities, finding 11 homicides. Some drownings were confirmed, while others involved strangulation or sharp force, highlighting challenges in diagnosing strangulation in water-logged bodies.

Area of Science:

  • Forensic Medicine
  • Toxicology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Bathtub fatalities present unique forensic challenges.
  • Understanding the circumstances of death in bathtubs is crucial for accurate investigation.
  • Previous studies have not extensively detailed homicide cases within bathtubs.

Observation:

  • A retrospective analysis of 215 bathtub deaths investigated between 1980 and 1993 at the University of Cologne's Institute of Forensic Medicine.
  • Eleven of these fatalities were classified as homicides.
  • Specific observations included submersion of the mouth and nose, signs of drowning, and various methods of violence.

Findings:

  • Drowning was the confirmed cause of death in two homicide cases.
  • Other homicides involved strangulation or sharp force injuries.

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Last Updated: Jul 6, 2026

Double Direct Injection of Blood into the Cisterna Magna as a Model of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
10:34

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Published on: August 30, 2020

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04:20

Extraction of Diatom DNA from Water Samples and Tissues

Published on: November 10, 2023

Large Volume Blood Collection from Swine for In Vitro Applications: Use of Intracardiac Cannulation and a Vacuum Pump as a Terminal Procedure
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Large Volume Blood Collection from Swine for In Vitro Applications: Use of Intracardiac Cannulation and a Vacuum Pump as a Terminal Procedure

Published on: July 25, 2025

  • Corpses were found to be deposited, killed in the bath, or placed post-mortem to simulate accidental death.
  • Two homicides were initially unrecognized before autopsy.

    • Implications:

    • The findings underscore the importance of thorough autopsy in suspected bathtub deaths.
    • Difficulties in diagnosing strangulation in water-logged bodies require specialized forensic expertise.
    • This research contributes to the understanding of violent deaths occurring in domestic settings.