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Cognitive-behavioral body image therapy for body dysmorphic disorder

J C Rosen1, J Reiter, P Orosan

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of Vermont, Burlington 05405, USA.

Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology
|April 1, 1995
PubMed
Summary

Cognitive behavior therapy significantly reduced body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) symptoms in a controlled study. The treatment eliminated BDD in most participants, improving overall psychological well-being and self-esteem.

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Psychiatry
  • Behavioral Therapy

Background:

  • Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is a significant body image disorder characterized by excessive preoccupation with perceived flaws in appearance.
  • Previous case reports suggested behavior therapy efficacy, but controlled evaluations were lacking.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the effectiveness of cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) for body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) through a controlled study.
  • To assess the impact of CBT on BDD symptoms, psychological symptoms, and self-esteem.

Main Methods:

  • Fifty-four participants with BDD were randomly assigned to either cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) or a no-treatment control group.
  • CBT was delivered in small groups over eight 2-hour sessions, focusing on cognitive restructuring, exposure therapy, and habit reversal techniques.

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  • Therapy targeted intrusive thoughts, overvalued beliefs about appearance, avoidance of body-related situations, and body checking behaviors.

    • Main Results:

    • BDD symptoms showed significant decreases in the CBT group compared to the control group.
    • The disorder was eliminated in 82% of participants at posttreatment and 77% at follow-up.
    • Participants receiving CBT also experienced significant improvements in overall psychological symptoms and self-esteem.

    Conclusions:

    • Cognitive behavior therapy is an effective treatment for body dysmorphic disorder (BDD).
    • CBT leads to substantial reductions in BDD symptoms and improvements in psychological well-being and self-esteem.
    • The positive effects of CBT are sustained at follow-up, indicating long-term benefits.