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Differences in morbidity between breast-fed and formula-fed infants

K G Dewey1, M J Heinig, L A Nommsen-Rivers

  • 1Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis 95616-8669, USA.

The Journal of Pediatrics
|May 1, 1995
PubMed
Summary

Breast-feeding significantly reduces infant illness, including diarrhea and ear infections, in the first year of life. These findings highlight the public health importance of promoting breastfeeding for infant health.

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Public Health
  • Infectious Disease Epidemiology

Background:

  • Investigating the protective effects of breastfeeding against infections in developed populations.
  • Understanding the impact of infant feeding practices on morbidity during early childhood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the protective role of breastfeeding against common infections in affluent infants.
  • To quantify differences in illness incidence and duration between breastfed and formula-fed infants.

Main Methods:

  • Matched cohort study design comparing breastfed (BF) and formula-fed (FF) infants up to 2 years of age.
  • Weekly morbidity monitoring, controlling for birth weight, socioeconomic status, and daycare use.
  • Analysis of diarrheal illness, otitis media, and respiratory infections.

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Main Results:

  • BF infants had half the incidence of diarrheal illness compared to FF infants in the first year.
  • BF infants showed a 19% lower incidence of otitis media and an 80% reduction in prolonged episodes.
  • While respiratory illness rates were similar, FF infants experienced longer durations of otitis media in the second year.

Conclusions:

  • Breastfeeding offers significant protection against common infections like diarrhea and otitis media in the first year of life.
  • The reduction in illness associated with breastfeeding is substantial enough to warrant public health attention.
  • Breastfeeding contributes to shorter illness durations, particularly for otitis media, even into the second year of life.