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Related Experiment Videos

Ribosome mutants with altered accuracy translate with reduced processivity

H Dong1, C G Kurland

  • 1Department of Molecular Biology, Biomedical Center, Uppsala, Sweden.

Journal of Molecular Biology
|May 5, 1995
PubMed
Summary

Mutant ribosomes show decreased translation processivity when tRNA selection accuracy increases. Streptomycin dependence in mutants reflects an interplay between mutations and antibiotics affecting translation processivity.

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Ribosome function is crucial for protein synthesis.
  • Mutations in ribosomes can alter translation accuracy and speed.
  • Understanding these alterations is key to deciphering cellular processes and disease.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the correlation between tRNA selection accuracy and translation processivity in mutant ribosomes.
  • To analyze the impact of ribosome mutations on nonsense suppression and streptomycin dependence.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a T7 RNA polymerase-dependent transcription system to measure ribosome processivity, minimizing transcriptional polarity.
  • Assessed nonsense suppression events and tRNA selection errors in various mutant ribosomes.

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  • Investigated the effect of streptomycin on a partially streptomycin-dependent mutant.

    • Main Results:

    • A reciprocal correlation was observed between translation processivity and the restriction of nonsense suppression by mutant ribosomes.
    • Increased accuracy in tRNA selection was linked to decreased translation processivity.
    • Ribosome ambiguity (ram) mutants exhibited reduced processivity compared to wild-type ribosomes.
    • Streptomycin stimulated tRNA selection errors and translation processivity in a streptomycin-dependent mutant.

    Conclusions:

    • The study confirms an inverse relationship between tRNA selection accuracy and translation processivity in mutant ribosomes.
    • Ribosome mutations affecting translation processivity significantly decrease cellular growth rates.
    • Streptomycin dependence arises from the interaction between restrictive mutations and antibiotics, influencing translation processivity.