Vanadium salts induce cytogenetic effects in in vivo treated mice

Three vanadium salts, vanadyl sulfate (SVO5), sodium orthovanadate (Na3VO4) and ammonium metavanadate (NH4VO3), were tested for induction of genotoxic effects in bone marrow of mice following intragastric treatment. Micronucleus (MN) induction in polychromatic erythrocytes (PCEs), structural (sCA) and numerical (nCA) chromosome aberrations in bone marrow cells were evaluated. The micronucleus test, performed at different harvesting times (0-72 h), was found to be positive for all compounds tested. In contrast, except for vanadyl sulfate, no difference was found between controls and treated animals in the sCA test performed 24 and 36 h after treatment. At the same sampling intervals, second metaphases (M II) were positively scored for nCA induction for all three vanadium salts. In addition, the frequency of hypoploid and hyperploid cells was shown to be statistically different from the control value. Polyploid cells were also induced by all compounds, but their frequency was not statistically significant. The positive results obtained by nCA analysis support the finding of a significant presence of types of micronuclei that are probably aneuploidy-related. This finding was further supported by the successful classification of such micronuclei on the basis of shape and size according to Tinwell and Ashby (1991) during microscope analysis.