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Zinc cellular traffic: physiopathological considerations

S Ripa1, R Ripa

  • 1Istituto di Clinica Medica Generale, Università degli Studi.

Minerva Medica
|January 1, 1995
PubMed
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This review details zinc cellular traffic, covering how zinc enters cells via anionic exchange, amino acid transport, and transferrin receptors, and exits through zinc/calcium exchange. Understanding these pathways is crucial for cellular zinc homeostasis.

Area of Science:

  • Cellular Biology
  • Biochemistry
  • Physiology

Background:

  • Zinc is an essential trace element vital for numerous cellular functions.
  • Dysregulation of intracellular zinc levels is implicated in various pathological conditions.
  • Understanding zinc transport mechanisms is key to comprehending cellular homeostasis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the distinct mechanisms of zinc influx and efflux in cells.
  • To elucidate the roles of specific transporters and ions in zinc homeostasis.
  • To highlight potential implications of impaired zinc transport.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on zinc cellular transport.
  • Analysis of different zinc influx pathways: anionic exchange, amino acid cotransport, and transferrin receptor-mediated uptake.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Examination of zinc efflux mechanisms, focusing on zinc/calcium exchange and the calcium pump.

    • Main Results:

    • Zinc influx occurs via anionic exchange channels, facilitated diffusion with amino acids (cysteine, histidine), and the transferrin receptor pathway.
    • Specific ions (bicarbonate, chloride, thiocyanate) stimulate zinc uptake, while others (phosphate, sulfate) inhibit it.
    • Zinc efflux is primarily mediated by zinc/calcium exchange, with calcium expulsion regulated by Ca-ATPase.

    Conclusions:

    • Cellular zinc homeostasis is maintained by a dynamic balance of influx and efflux mechanisms.
    • Impairment of zinc/calcium exchange can lead to intracellular zinc accumulation, as observed in certain conditions like SHR rats.
    • Further research into these transport systems may offer insights into therapeutic strategies for zinc-related disorders.