Extracellular superoxide dismutase activity is affected by dietary zinc intake in nonhuman primate and rodent models

Assessment of zinc nutriture is often compromised by the lack of reliable biomarkers. In the present study the effect of dietary zinc deprivation on plasma extracellular superoxide dismutase (EC SOD) activity was investigated in rat and rhesus macaque models. This enzyme, which contains both zinc and copper, is distinct from cytosolic copper-zinc SOD. Young, growing rats fed zinc-deficient diets (1.5 nmol Zn/g diet) were characterized by low plasma zinc concentrations and plasma EC SOD activities (16% and 56% of controls, respectively). Adolescent rhesus macaques fed diets that contained a marginal amount of zinc (30.6nmol Zn/g diet) also had low plasma zinc concentrations and low EC SOD activities compared with controls fed diets containing 765 nmol Zn/g diet (75% and 40%, respectively). Enzyme activity was not affected after in vitro addition of zinc to plasma samples from control, restrict-fed, and zinc-deficient rats. Taken together, these data support the concept that plasma EC SOD activity can be a biomarker for zinc status.