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Related Concept Videos

Bioreactor Controls-I01:28

Bioreactor Controls-I

Maintaining optimal conditions within fermenters is essential for maximizing microbial productivity and ensuring process efficiency. This lesson focuses on key parameters—temperature, foam, pH, carbon dioxide, oxygen, and pressure—and their precise measurement and control strategies in fermentation systems.Temperature ControlTemperature regulation is critical due to the exothermic nature of many fermentation processes. In small laboratory fermenters, temperature is commonly monitored using...
Bioreactor Controls-II01:18

Bioreactor Controls-II

In aerobic fermentations, oxygen is vital for microbial growth and metabolite production. Since air comprises only about 20% oxygen and the gas is poorly soluble in water—just 9 ppm at 20°C—supplying sufficient oxygen becomes a critical challenge, especially in high-demand processes like yeast growth or citric acid production. Even a fully saturated broth may offer only a few seconds of oxygen availability.To address this, sterile or scrubbed air is introduced into the fermentor via a sparger...
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Strain improvement is a foundational strategy in industrial microbiology aimed at maximizing microbial productivity, particularly because natural isolates typically yield commercially valuable products in very low concentrations. Although optimizing the culture medium and environmental conditions can improve yields, these adjustments are inherently limited by the organism’s genetic potential. As a result, the focus shifts toward genetic modifications to enhance biosynthetic capacity. The...
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Upstream processing represents a critical phase in biomanufacturing, wherein biological systems such as microorganisms, mammalian cells, or insect cells are cultivated to produce therapeutic proteins, vaccines, enzymes, or other biologically derived products. This phase encompasses all steps from the selection and genetic manipulation of the production organism to the cultivation of cells in bioreactors under tightly controlled environmental conditions.Host Selection and Genetic OptimizationThe...
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Continuous fermentation is a key strategy in industrial ethanol production, particularly when efficiency, scalability, and high yields are essential. This approach allows for uninterrupted operation and optimized resource utilization. The primary feedstock, corn starch, undergoes enzymatic hydrolysis facilitated by α-amylase and glucoamylase. These enzymes break down the starch into fermentable sugars such as glucose, which are readily assimilated by fermentative microorganisms.Fermentation...

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Automatic bioprocess control. 4. A prototype batch of Saccharomyces cerevisiae

G Locher1, U Hahnemann, B Sonnleitner

  • 1Institute of Biotechnology, ETH Hönggerberg, Zürich, Switzerland.

Journal of Biotechnology
|May 1, 1993
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Summary

Investigating bioreactor conditions is crucial for cell growth. Saccharomyces cerevisiae cultivation revealed seven distinct metabolic phases based on environmental sensor data.

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Area of Science:

  • Biotechnology
  • Cellular Biology
  • Biochemical Engineering

Background:

  • Living cells exhibit high sensitivity to physical-chemical environmental conditions within bioreactors.
  • Understanding the bioreactor-cell relationship is essential to determine if bioreactor parameters limit cultivation or if environmental changes can steer cellular physiology.
  • Saccharomyces cerevisiae, a well-characterized organism, serves as a suitable model for studying cellular responses to controlled environments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the intricate relationship between bioreactor conditions and living cells.
  • To assess the influence of bioreactor characteristics on cell cultivation.
  • To explore the potential of controlled environmental changes to induce desired cellular physiological states.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized high-performance bioreactors for cell cultivation experiments.
  • Employed Saccharomyces cerevisiae as the biological test organism.
  • Collected data from approximately 300 batch cultivation experiments on glucose, analyzing around 20 sensor signals.

Main Results:

  • Distinguished seven distinct phases during batch cultivation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae based on metabolite production/consumption.
  • Correlated these phases with approximately 20 sensor signals, providing insights into metabolic backgrounds.
  • Successfully achieved exhaustive knowledge of extracellular conditions using highly automated equipment.

Conclusions:

  • The study highlights the critical sensitivity of cells to bioreactor environments.
  • Identified distinct metabolic phases in Saccharomyces cerevisiae batch cultivation, linked to environmental parameters.
  • Demonstrated the feasibility of detailed cellular environment analysis for understanding cell behavior in bioreactors.