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Human cell lines as models for multidrug resistance in solid tumours

M Clynes1, M Heenan, K Hall

  • 1National Cell and Tissue Culture Centre/BioResearch Ireland, Dublin City University.

Cytotechnology
|January 1, 1993
PubMed
Summary
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Multidrug resistance limits cancer chemotherapy success. Identifying specific resistance mechanisms in tumors using molecular techniques is crucial for developing targeted therapies and improving patient outcomes.

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Chemotherapy has cured some cancers like testicular cancer and leukemias.
  • Solid tumors (lung, colon, breast) remain challenging due to multidrug resistance.
  • Multidrug resistance (MDR) is a major obstacle in effective cancer treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the molecular mechanisms of multidrug resistance in solid tumors.
  • To highlight the need for classifying tumors based on specific resistance profiles.
  • To explore advanced diagnostic techniques for identifying MDR mechanisms in clinical settings.

Main Methods:

  • Review of in vitro studies on multidrug resistance mechanisms.
  • Discussion of sensitive detection methods like immunocytochemistry, RT-PCR, and in situ RNA hybridization.

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  • Analysis of clinical trial data for MDR reversal agents.

    • Main Results:

    • Diverse mechanisms contribute to cross-resistance in solid tumors.
    • Molecular and immunochemical techniques show promise for analyzing clinical biopsies.
    • Current MDR reversal agents like cyclosporin A and verapamil have limited efficacy.

    Conclusions:

    • Classifying tumors by specific MDR mechanisms is essential for personalized therapy.
    • Molecular diagnostics offer a viable approach to overcome MDR in solid tumors.
    • Further research is urgently needed to identify and antagonize novel MDR mechanisms.